Carole Armstrong from Delabie provides some practical options for water controls in commercial washrooms, and looks at the specification challenges
For building users, a visit to the washroom comprises three simple steps: use toilet, wash, hands, dry hands. As a specifier, the decision-making process to make these three steps work is more complex. The specification choices must take into account comfort, practical requirements, environmental concerns, hygiene, safety, budget, to name a few.
When you’ve got to go
The defining factor of commercial washrooms is frequency of use.
Urinals are a popular choice for high-footfall venues facing periods of intensive use, for example during school breaks or half-time at football matches. However, they require regular flushing to prevent bad odours due to urine crystallising in the pipework which involves significant water consumption. And, of course, not everyone can use a urinal.
Conventional WCs are also not ideal for intensive use. A cistern-flush WC has a minimum refill time (up to 60 seconds), so there is a delay between potential uses. Originally designed for domestic use, they are prone to leaks which seep undetected into the pan (consuming up to 400 litres per day according to Thames Water). The cistern also contains standing water at room temperature – ideal conditions for bacteria such as Legionella to develop, which are then released in aerosol format when flushed.
A practical solution is direct flush technology – available for both urinals and WCs. The flush mechanism connects directly to the water supply, harnessing system pressure to flush the bowl or pan, making cisterns redundant. The flush is instantly available, so there is no refill delay. Hygiene is improved since there is no standing water, and the pipework is rinsed with every flush, preventing bacterial development and urine crystallisation. Typically made from hard wearing materials, direct flush mechanisms will also withstand intensive use.
Sensor-controlled direct flush mechanisms for urinals and WCs provide additional user and system hygiene. The valves are activated by user presence, flushing automatically when the user leaves. Intelligent flush technology adapts the flush according to the duration of use, ensuring optimised rinsing. Some electronic models also have an automatic duty flush which takes place every 24 hours; ideal when facilities are closed for extended periods, such as offices at weekends, sports grounds between matches, or during school holidays. Recessed options also provide an aesthetic, yet vandal-resistant solution, with the mechanism concealed from the user, but easily accessed via a control plate for servicing.
Now wash your hands
Users, as consumers, are more demanding in terms of aesthetics, comfort and hygiene in the post-pandemic era. Washrooms in restaurants, bars and hotels are fast becoming a major part of the user experience. If facilities fall below the consumer’s expectations, the consumer will take their business elsewhere, and are likely to share their experiences online.
Specifiers have to second guess the user – should they specify a mixer so users can blend the mixed water themselves? Will users actually exercise this choice? Should they specify a thermostatic mixing valve (TMV) and tap to pre-mix the water to a safe temperature? Remember hot water must be produced and distributed at 50˚C (55˚C in healthcare) to prevent the risk of Legionella. The answer lies in the type of premises. In hotels, users expect the same level of comfort as at home, but in bars and clubs, they may be less concerned about choice. Either way, the chosen solution – mixer or TMV plus tap – should feature anti-scalding technology.
Typically, there are three levels of anti-scalding technology according to the risk of infection versus scalding. Level one is a pre-set maximum temperature limiter which effectively limits the temperature at the point of use for low-risk environments. Level two is a mechanical ‘failsafe,’ available on mixers with a pressure-balancing mechanism.
This ensures a stable mixed water temperature despite pressure variations in the system, and reduces the hot water to a trickle if the cold water supply fails. Level three anti-scalding technology applies to high-risk environments where users are vulnerable to infection and scalding. Available on thermostatically controlled mixers, the mixer shuts off completely if the cold or hot water supply fails – ideal for healthcare facilities.
Last, but not least, there’s hygiene! Covid-19 has fundamentally changed hand washing habits. Self-closing or electronic washbasin taps optimise hygiene because there is no manual contact after rinsing. They also optimise water consumption, without sacrificing user comfort, through fractional delivery. The valve closes automatically on time flow models or after removing hands from the detection zone on sensor-controlled models. Add a flow rate limiter, and water consumption is fully controlled: the user can wet their hands, apply soap and rinse without water running continuously. And, not forgetting that electronic mixers and taps feature the anti-bacterial duty flush to prevent stagnation.
Styling it out
Accessories such as soap dispensers, toilet brush sets, waste bins, hand dryers, and coat hooks should also be a design choice, rather than left to chance or service contracts. Often function takes precedence over form, but once the washroom’s colour palette and overall look have been established, accessories should receive the same attention to detail as the water controls.
There is now a greater range of finishes and materials, to suit any decorative style. Accessories can coordinate with sanitary ware and water controls without compromising on functionality. Specifiers can now opt for soap dispensers with the same style, finish and features as the mixers/taps. Push-button or sensor-controlled electronic dispensers allow a measured amount of soap and will limit the maximum number of doses to prevent excessive use. They are easy to use with non-drip, durable mechanisms. Standard parts and remote tank options mean that servicing is significantly reduced.
Paper towel dispensers and waste bins must also be able to withstand intensive use. Public washrooms need accessories that are durable and reliable – to undergo regular cleaning. Non-porous, smooth surfaces with minimal joints and seams are ideal. Models with a stylish, yet simple, one-piece design have a clear hygiene advantage over complex designs. There are fewer niches for dirt and germs to adhere to, so they are easy to clean and require less detergent: a more sustainable solution.
Consumer expectations of washrooms in public places have never been so high. To ensure their experience exceeds their expectations, specifiers need to consider their comfort and safety while delivering a pleasing aesthetic in an ecological and economical way. The solutions are widely available – if you know where to look.
Carole Armstrong is marketing manager at Delabie